INTRODUCTION ,PRODUCTION ,POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT ,MARKETING PRACTICES AND CONSTRAINTS,MARKETING CHANNELS, COST AND MARGINS,MARKETING INFORMATION AND EXTENSION,ALTERNATIVE,SYSTEMS OF MARKETING,INSTITUTIONAL,FACILITIES,UTILIZATION,DO’S AND DON’TS AND ,REFERENCES   Read More | Print

                       Cotton is cultivated in 75 Countries with an area of 32 Million Hectares. Cultivation period varies from 175 days to 225 days depending on variety. Cotton is harvested in two seasons, summer and winter seasons. Saw ginned cotton is more uniform and cleaner than Roller Ginned Cotton. But fibers quality is retained better quality in Roller Ginning than Saw Ginning which has high productivity.   Read More | Print

                           Improvements in fiber quality can take many different forms. Changes in length, strength, uniformity, and fineness   In one recent analysis, fiber perimeter was shown to be the single quantitative trait of the fiber that affects all other traits . Fiber perimeter is the variable that has the greatest affect on fiber elongation and strength properties. While mature dead fibers have an elliptical morphology, living fibers have a cylindrical morphology during growth and development. Geometrically, perimeter is directly determined by diameter (perimeter = diameter × p). Thus, fiber diameter is the only variable that directly affects perimeter. For this reason, understanding the biological mechanisms that regulate fiber diameter is important for the long-term improvement of cotton.  Read More | Print

               The "length" of cotton fibers is a property of commercial value as the price is generally based on this character. To some extent it is true, as other factors being equal, longer cottons give better spinning performance than shorter ones. But the length of a cotton is an indefinite quantity, as the fibers, even in a small random bunch of a cotton, vary enormously in length.               Read More | Print

           Raw material represents about 50 to 70% of the production cost of a short-staple yarn. This fact is sufficient to indicate the significance of the raw material for the yarn producer. It is not possible to use a problem-free raw material always , because cotton is a natural fiber and there are many properties which will affect the performance. If all the properties have to be good for the cotton, the raw material would be too expensive. To produce a good yarn with this difficulties, an intimate knowledge of the raw material and its behavior in processing is a must. Read More | Print

           The prediction of yarn quality based on the technological characteristics of the raw material has been improved by the use of the AFIS. Unfortunately, information about distributions of fiber properties that are measured by the AFIS is generally not used. The studies carried out at the ITC show that the AFIS length distribution is variety related. In addition, the percentages of both the shortest and the longest fibers have an important impact on yarn quality. Read More | Print

        It is better to review the basics concepts, costing  methods and techniques and elements of costing before we work out a costing for a spinning mill. Cost accounting is a system of determining the costs of products or services. It has primarily developed to meet the needs of management.  It provides detailed cost information to various levels of management for efficient performance of their functions. Read More | Print